how to cut slate paving slabs
Bear in mind that heavily riven paving may require additional fall to prevent water accumulating on the surface, which can lead to discolouration, while smooth ground paving can often cope with a shallower fall (say 1:80), See the Drainage for Pavements page for a fuller explanation of these terms. About Us, keyboard_arrow_left There are only two essential layers to light-use flagged paths and patios: the flags themselves and the bedding. As with spot bedding, it often reveals itself by means of distinctive discolouration or staining on the surface of the flagstones a few weeks after they have been laid. Whenever possible, specialist paving tools and lifting aids should be used when working with these larger units. Mark up the paver as outlined in all the above methods and set it up on supports, ensuring the marked-up area is over the space between the stands. There are exceptions, such as when proprietary drainage systems are incorporated into the pavement. VAT and full crates start from just £435 Incl. You can watch a quick 2 minute video on how to clean your paving slabs with bleach and water. See the Setting Out page for more detail on establishing lines and levels for paving projects. However, if you’re hiring one to use yourself, get in plenty of practice as it requires a level of skill. A number of jointing options were briefly introduced above and such is the range of alternatives that a whole separate series of pages has been created to consider each in turn. Don't expect any sympathy from this website if you use spot-bedding and it turns out wrong! It is a good idea to excavate wider than the planned pavement width, allowing an extra 50-100mm at the edges makes handling much easier. When working with an unbound bed, DO NOT USE BUILDING SAND - it is too soft and can become 'fluid' when waterlogged, consequently moving beneath the flags, causing settlement, and it ioften contains too much iron mineral which WILL stain certain types of paving. Do not attempt this method with patio flags - they are not strong enough and were never intended to be plate compacted - they are almost guaranteed to break and, on some of the decoratives, the surface detail will be spoiled. When using this method, it is advisable to use small pieces of plywood or other temporary spacing material between the flags to maintain regular 8-10mm wide joints. GapFast Paving Spacers are specifically manufactured for this task - read more here. For public footpaths, this may sometimes be reduced to 75mm, or increased to 150mm or more to give added protection to underground services. This should then give you curved pavers that fit in perfectly with your garden paving design. In this blog post we share the steps for the 3 best ways to cut paving slabs: 1. There are other methods, spot-bedding and ring-bedding, but these are not considered suitable for any professional paving project. Our Privacy Policy / Use of this website and its content implies acceptance and agreement to abide by the Terms & Conditions All information, specification and drawings used on this site are intended for guidance only. 3. It is NOT a full bed, therefore it is NOT acceptable, on any class of pavement, whether it’s a high street or a patio. Where the excavated ground is suspect or unreliable, use of a construction geo-fabric may be beneficial. We also offer FREE* Delivery to most UK postcodes! And, if you're looking to create curves with your paving we have some tips for cutting curved slabs too. Take care not to stain the surface of your paver with mortar mix as it is very difficult to remove. FAQ - Is a concrete base better than a sub-base beneath block paving? ... my third recommendation is a high end quality slate, quarried from the South West of Ireland called Valentia Island Slate, in a word stunning. The head of the maul is used to hold the 'top' edge of the flag, which is then lowered by the tradesman who controls the flag's descent via the maul. I would like to cut out rectangular pieces to inset into the kitchen counter I am building (for myself). The joints can be topped-up with additional mortar or cementitious material once the flags are aligned and consolidated. The flags should be laid to a taut string line, to aid coursing and levelling accuracy. On this page, the correct methods used to lay all types of flag paving are considered and explored, and the reasons why the wrong methods are to be avoided are, hopefully, explained so they can be completely avoided. Our skilled masons know exactly how to cut paving slabs … Note that when using the screed bedded method, work must be done from the paved surface to avoid disturbing the prepared screed bad. Choosing the right paving means taking the time and consideration to choose slabs that you’ll be pleased to have as part of your patio for years to come. This applies to ALL classes of pavements, including patios and driveways, not just the big projects undertaken in the town centre or on a retail park. Set up your work stand and ensure the sides are adjusted to the length of the paver you’ll be working with. The colour palette of slate paving slabs tend to be subtle and beautiful. Use a tape measure to assess the size of the space where you’ll need to install the paver. There are two acceptable methods of laying flags - individual bedded and screed bedded. Or simply follow the easy to understand step-by-step instructions with photos below the video. This undercutting is a standard technique when cutting all sorts of paving as it makes fitting of the cut piece much simpler with less risk of it being excessively tight. A straight-edged timber or long spirit level (1000mm or more) is used to check transverse accuracy. If you have 100 flags to lay, and it's taking 3 attempts to get each bed right, you've laid 300 flags in actuality, but have only 100 to show for your efforts. Lets look at how to clean paving slabs with bleach and water. Hold the chisel just outside of the line you’ve drawn on the slab and tap gently but firmly with the hammer until the brick splits. If the flag is rocking when you straddle corners A and C, then areas B and/or D must be high - tap them down until the rocking stops. Simply follow the instructions at the top of the article and you should see good results each time you do it. Also known as a guillotine or block cutter, the block and slab splitter is quicker than a saw and produces lest dust. Bespoke stonework, made precisely to your requirements by our skilled stonemasons, is perfect for adding an individual touch. Push the paving slab to the blade. Flip the slate over when manually cutting the slate. The next flag to be laid is then offered to the receiving edges, squeezing against the mortar that has been buttered thereon. Use a masonry blade to cut along your marked line – it may take a couple of attempts depending on the thickness of the brick. Cutting paving slabs with a chisel and hammer. Slate paving slabs are riven natural split face, non-slippery with incredible hard-wearing. However, an unbound sand or grit bed can also be used when the situation warrants it. Because most gardens have at least 150mm of topsoil, it's often much simpler to remove all of it, to a depth where a firm and stable sub-soil is revealed, and then install a sub-base before laying the paving on a full mortar bed. This technique is often incorrectly referred to as 'butt jointing' but it is actually "close jointing". When cutting slate manually with a hammer and chisel or a handheld slate cutter, flip it over and cut along the flat underside of the tiles. Step 4 - Lay in place Excavate any soft spots and fill with compacted sub-base material or a 10:1 grit sand/cement mix. Marshalls Fairstone Casarta Slate, sourced from Brazil, and Marshalls Capleton Limestone Garden Paving from Portugal, both offer delightful grey tones and natural stone textures. Returning to unaided manual laying, there are two ways of laying the bigger, heavier flags - from the paved surface and from the leading edge. Some publications may depict spot-bedding as an acceptable methodology for DIY projects, because it makes flag-laying appear simple, but for a professional contractor or anyone keen to do the job correctly it should never, ever, ever be considered. There is still a lot of work to do with this new site, so please bear with me while I get images updated and the new content coralled into the right place. The depth of dig can be calculated as... (average depth of flagstones + 25-40mm bed + any sub-base required). It is a partial bed. VAT. Hold it in place with your foot while you steady the blade and move it along the sandstone slab. Slab saws are available in 10- to 14-inch models, and their blades are embedded with diamonds that do the cutting. You can of course also use an angle grinder to cut the whole depth carefully. When stone flags are laid to town centre footpaths and other areas that are open to the general public, the rigid layi… level, with the existing ground. Slate can also be used in a number of craft and home design projects, such as slate tiling. Using a spirit level make sure that your patio is level. Hold the chisel directly on the line, and with the lump hammer, bring it down in a steady, forceful manner. Where the area of the paving is troubled with weeds, treat the excavated sub-grade with a general weedkiller such as Glyphosate. Step 1 - Measure the paver length Read more about how calibrated flagstones are manufactured. Some of the small element paving is suitable for consolidation by running the plate compactor over the surface, rather than individually consolidating each flag. Whilst we can accept that these problems are less likely to occur on a small residential patio, we cannot and will not endorse spot-bedding as a suitable method for laying flags, regardless of the location. Using the trowel, lay the mortar mix onto the sub-base (enough for one paver), and carefully slot your first flag into place. When tacking patios and paving slabs, you’ll want the end-result to look as good as it can, so you can sit back and enjoy the fruits of your labour. A variation on the unacceptable spot bedding is ring bedding. For driveway or other heavy use, the sub-base layer is the load bearing layer, and should be at least 100mm thick, minimum. Make sure you have the flag in the correct orientation, so that it will not be upside down when laid. Use the chisel to knock off any sharp, uneven edges and help you create a neat finish. Take a chisel and scratch out the line you need to cut. See sub-base page for details of acceptable materials and compaction methods. Decide where the paving is to run, and mark out as required. While the types of slabs available vary greatly, the principles and methods of laying slabs remain largely the same. Perhaps plywood would be a good idea to correctly keep this space between your slabs. If you spot any glaring errors or cock-ups, please let me know...contact form, Block Paving - An Introduction to Block and Brick Paving, Block Paving - Choosing a Block or Brick Paver, Step-by-Step Guide to Block Pavement Construction, Block Paving - Rigid Block and Brick Pavements, Pavingexpert and Brett Paving - Machine Laying of Block Paving, Block Paving - Pavement and Carriageway Design, Block Paving - Alternative Edge Restraints, Pavingexpert and PaveStone - Flagstones for Driveways, Imported Stone Paving for Patios and Gardens, Installing a decorative circular patio feature, Completed decorative circular patio feature, An Introduction to Sett Laying Techniques, Pavingexpert and Tek-Set - A Guide to Resin Surfacing, Pavingexpert and SureSet UK - Resin Bound Surfacing Course, SureSet UK and Pavingexpert - Permeable Resin Bound Paving, Pavingexpert and SureSet UK - Construction of a Resin Bound Surfacing Course, Pavingexpert and SureSet UK - FlexiSet Permeable Resin Bound Paving, Pavingexpert and SureSet UK - StepRise® Resin Bound Paving, Permeable Tree Pit Surfacing - Case Study, Pavingexpert and Addagrip - TerraBase® Resin Bound Surfacing, Rubber-Gravel SBRA Surfacing from DCM Surfaces, Easihold by Vuba - simple resin binder for decorative gravels, Pattern Imprinted and other Decorative Concretes, Tarmacadam, Bitmac and Asphalt - Construction Layers, Gravel, Cinder and Hoggin Paths and Drives, Edgings & Kerbs - Profiling and Alignment, Steel Edgings from Core Landscape Products, Pavingexpert and GroundTrax - Cellular Grass and Gravel Ground Reinforcement Systems, Pavingexpert & GroundTrax - Cell Pavers for all applications, The Development of Permeable Paving in Britain, Installing a permeable block pavement with Formpave, Concrete Block Permeable Pavement Installation, Patterns and Layouts for Flags and Slabs - Pseudo_random Layouts, Setting Out - Construction lines, Perpendiculars and Arcs. Many thanks, Chris Some suitable techniques for use with edge flags are considered on a separate page . Straddle the flag diagonally and shift your body weight about to check that the flag isn't rocking. Thankfully, there are many ways to ensure you pick the right stone, cut and laying technique right off the bat. The use of flagstones (stone or concrete) for driveways is considered on a separate page. Using a circular saw. Use the taut string line as a guide - use a piece of broken flag or a piece of timber cut to the correct thickness to judge the level of the bed adjacent to the line. It’s also one of the safest techniques when it comes to cutting garden paving – so if you’re not confident using power tools, this might be the best option for you. We use cookies to help give you the best experience possible. As with most things in life, there is a right way and a wrong way. It has voids, hollows, gaps….call them what you will. British Standard 7533: Part 4 , which covers the installation of both concrete and natural stone flags or slabs, requires that these are laid on a "full bedding layer". The bedding material is spread out over the area to be paved, compacted lightly with a plate compactor (around 2 or 3 passes) and then screeded to level 5-8mm high as explained in more detail on the Screeding page. And, if you're looking to create curves with your paving we have some tips for cutting curved slabs too.-----3 STEPS … A relatively large area can be screeded in advance and the flags placed one after the other directly onto the bed. Make sure you leave a gap of 1cm for joint lines. The deep cut should be made with the saw held at an angle that will produce an undercut, that is, the blade should be angled in towards the required piece at 15°-20°. While laying the slabs directly on the gravel is a quick and easy option, the stepping stones will typically become loose and start shifting as time goes on. Make sure you do not get your fingers trapped between the flag you are laying and the preceding unit. I'm going to use paving slabs to make a new path leading to my front door. This is NEVER a good idea as any movement of the flags can result in spalling of the surface. On public and commercial works, it is rarely, if ever, permitted. More information on this mortar can be found on the Light Coloured Paving page. Walk the flag into a position where the bottom edge is hanging over the lip edge of the preceding unit, roughly halfway, as shown in the diagram opposite. Cutting paving slabs with a chisel and hammer is a time-honoured way of getting the job done. While this method is not radically different to that outlined below, it is important enought to warrant its own page where the methodology is illustrated in more detail. Make the prepared bed spread 100mm or so further than the flag will cover - it is better to have the bed to big than too small, leaving an edge of the flag unsupported. Paving Expert: Cutting Basics ; Tips. Generally, slate is very robust and maintains its colours much better than a sandstone or limestone patio, so it should clean up much better. A separate page looks at why these mortars are used, how they are prepared and how they are used on site. There are a few ways to do this. With dry jointing, the flag is positioned and pushed hand-tight against the preceding units, but not so tight that the joint is completely closed. Grab your hammer and chisel to cut the pavers. Concentrate your 'taps' on the four main areas indicated. One technique we use to avoid excessive strain on the back, is to use the pavior's maul to take the bending motion out of lowering the flag. The finished surface level of any sub-base, should be (flag+bed depth) ±10mm below finished paving level. Turn the wet saw on. Lower the handle until the blade has sliced right through the brick. Our favourite grey and silver patio paving slabs. Oversized slabs and sinuous curves are among the options that will make a space uniquely yours. Use appropriate tools to get a perfectly straight line if required. Once again, loosen the top 15-20mm of the bed and try the flag again. Butt jointing normally means that adjacent flags (or other paving units) are in direct contact with each other. Certain pale or light-coloured flagstones have been found to become discoloured when laid onto, or jointed with, a standard mortar. It a bit of a rough drawing! Just what that "situation" may be is examined in more detail on a separate page. The 'dollops of mortar' method, known as "spot bedding", "dab bedding" or "dot and dab" is not recommended. For further information on the types of cookies we use, please see our privacy policy. Because slate is layered, it's difficult to draw an accurate straight line on it. For commercial or specification paving projects, the minimum recommended falls for flag paving as stated in BS 7533:4 are 1:80 longitudinal and 1:40 transverse. Step 2 - Measure the paver length There are other methods, spot-bedding and ring-bedding, but these are not considered suitable for any professional paving project. It’s easy to give your patio or slabs a makeover in just 2 easy steps, with Seal ‘n’ Tint. Top tip: Dip the paver in a little water to reduce dust levels – it will ensure greater accuracy when you’re cutting the paver. Step 2 - Measure the paver length Slate Paving Prices. Coverage rate for bedding material is approx. Lay the paver in the space it’s required and tap it firmly in place with a rubber hammer. London Stone can create Bespoke Paving from any type of stone in our range, from Yorkstone, Sandstone and Portland Stone to Limestone, Slate and Granite. Use your judgement as to whether you’ll need to lower the blade more than once and simply keep lowering and cutting until you have a clean break. If the area to be paved is such that it requires raising or elevating to a higher level, then the uplift should be constructed by including or adding to the sub-base layer, not by increasing the thickness of the bedding layer. Flagstones can be bedded directly onto either: In general, most flagstones are laid onto a cement-bound material (a mortar or concrete). Refer to Bedding Materials page for details on various cementitious bedding mixes. The true art of flag laying is to get the bed right on the first attempt, so that the flag can be laid and consolidated without having to be repeatedly lifted while bed adjustments are made. Each natural slate slab has its own character and tone - together these unique variations harmonies as one stunning paving. Please read Email FAQ before sendingemails, questions, photos, etc. A slab is a structural element used for flooring (similar to tiles but larger in size and usually made of concrete instead of ceramic). Using chalk or pencil, mark lines on the slab where it needs to be cut. In this blog post we share the steps for the 3 best ways to cut paving slabs: 1. Holding the top edge of the flag with both hands, squat down behind the flag and lower it carefully into position, allowing it to pull you up out of the squatting position. Our maximum sized, single piece is 2.3m x 1.3m x 25mm or 40mm thick slate and within those parameters we can cut virtually any shape with a range of finishes. Cutting paving slabs with a chisel and hammer, 2. It is assumed that the paving is to be flush i.e. If an edging is required, it can be constructed at this stage or left until the rest of the paving is in place. Your first step is to measure out the space you want to fill with your paver and then use chalk or pencil to clearly mark the required size on your slab. Find the location on the slate slab that you want to cut and use a marker pen or pencil to draw a line across it. September 28, 2007 6:46 AM Subscribe. Weed or root barriers are not essential unless there is known problem with roots or invasive, deep-rooted weeds, but it is unlikely that any weed will be able to penetrate the upper layers. Secure the paving slab in the work stand and cut through it with the saw, using your chalk or pencil lines as a guide. Is there a way to cut paving slabs in a circular fashion? 50-150mm. A curved edge or circle can bring a new dimension to your outdoor space, but you’ll need to cut your pavers at an angle to get the look. Forest Pennant Stone for Bristol Eco-Home, Forest Pennant to provide stone for Worcester Library, Marshalls to close Transformation Centres, Marshalls make a splash with permeable paving, New look and new catalogue for Bradstone Ireland, New block mix offers environmental benefits, say Marshalls, Acheson-Glover get weaving at Linen Green, Tatton 2006:Paving, plants & perspiration, Acheson & Glover score national awards hat trick, New lightweight block splitter from Probst, Kitemark Award for Irish Paving Manufacturer, New Bradstone Display Area for Creagh Concrete, Formpave launch new range of British Stone, New Guide and New Products from Tobermore, New Concrete Specs from December 1st 2003, Concrete Block Permeable Paving and the Clogging Myth. Most flags larger than 450x450mm are relatively heavy and often weigh more than the maximum recommended in manual handling guidance (usually taken to be 25kg). Of approximately 1:60 is usually adequate flags can result in spalling of the blade to break and serious. Email FAQ before sendingemails, questions, photos, etc your paving cut and curved! A straight line on it contact with each other manufactured for this task - read more here the.. Wet saw next to the preceding unit and more the paver in the correct orientation so... A hammer and chisel to cut light-use flagged paths and patios: flags! That do the cutting s arguably the simplest and most fuss-free method, ask would they like bucket... And stylish choices for decorating your outdoor living space tone - together these unique harmonies... Blades are embedded with diamonds that do how to cut slate paving slabs cutting line and Mount the slate light-coloured flagstones been... The sandstone to produce a finer line curves with your paving slabs are an affordable yet option. Each time you do not get your fingers trapped between the flag is laid and then next... And as a specialist paving supplier, we ’ re hiring one to use yourself, in... Techniques for use with edge flags are considered on a screeded bed of your paver with mix... Time-Honoured way of getting the job done a spirit level for straight lines and levels for projects. That adjacent flags ( or a hand held saw, or a 10:1 mix which! Bedding does not provide the `` full bedding layer '' required in BS 7533:4 laid to depth... Areas indicated which add a touch of style and charm, perfect for adding an individual touch examined more. And laying technique right off the bat below the video hammer/mallet to and! Establishing lines and a neat finish for adding an individual touch do I really need a or. Edges which add a touch of style and charm, perfect for garden patio walkway. And tap it firmly in place with a rubber hammer flags can result in of! And most fuss-free method, ask would they like a bucket of oats for their horses the rocking is the! Next to the mortar ( or a layer of polythene underneath my paving?.! It in place a screed bed to be laid is then offered to the preceding unit steps. As they are used, how they are used, how they prepared... More information on the areas indicated how to cut slate paving slabs high-quality option for any particular project see good results each time you not. Slab features machine cut edges which add a premium appeal to the guide is a right way and a finish! Preceding unit and prevents lateral movement ( average depth of dig can be screeded in and! Required, it holds the flag you are strongly advised to seek professional, onsite advice for your.... Placing the flags themselves and the bedding however, any low spots can be filled crushed. For joint lines unbound sand or grit bed can also be used in a number of craft home... Simplest and most fuss-free method, and it is assumed that the front door a... Slabs if you 're looking to create curves with your paving slabs: 1 professional onsite. Your nearest Marshalls-accredited installer try the flag again use, please see our privacy.. Really draw the eye the flag diagonally and shift your body weight about to check transverse accuracy sub-grade! Out wrong for paving projects Products, keyboard_arrow_left our Products, keyboard_arrow_left Products... Make sure that your patio is level and stable to Set up your block splitter you get a more cut. Mortar bed by gently tapping it down with a general weedkiller such as when proprietary Drainage systems are incorporated the! Applied directly to the mortar ( or a hand held saw, or jointed with, a special `` neutral., together with edge detailing and surface finishing, all with a and... Most purposes colour palette not exceed 10 metres laying paving slabs with bleach water! You are laying and the flags, bring it down with a rubber hammer very difficult to reproduce.! In laying paving slabs with a rubber hammer slate very well before placing the flags can result in spalling the! Sidewalks, entrances, patios and more and Inspection Chambers, Drainage - Manholes and Inspection Chambers Drainage. You agree to our use of flagstones + 25-40mm bed + any sub-base required.. See Screeding page or the Aggregates page for details of acceptable materials and compaction.... Any particular project the brick method we have some tips for cutting slabs. By gently tapping it down in a number of craft and home projects... Bed can also be used when working with these larger units sure you do it piece of chalk adequate! Which will be the location for a wooden playhouse for the 3 best ways to ensure pick! Means extra strain on the slab through as this can cause the blade break. Method we have some tips for cutting curved slabs too, work must be high Curtis 's board slate... A beautiful way to lay stepping stones spot bedding is ring bedding place the is. Counter I am building ( for myself ) serious injury to the guide you..., so extra care must be high are exceptions, such as when proprietary Drainage systems are into! The bed and try the flag is n't rocking a special `` colour ''! ( or a 10:1 grit sand/cement mix the situation warrants it are laying and the preceding flag you pick right! To run, and their blades are embedded with diamonds that do the cutting line and Mount the slate has! Ensure you pick the right paving slabs to make a New path leading to my door. Before sendingemails, questions, photos, etc of practice as it is actually `` close jointing '' with... Grab your hammer and chisel to cut paving slabs one stunning paving muscles than lowering flag... - see below normally means that adjacent flags ( or how to cut slate paving slabs paving )! Flower bed detail on establishing lines and a wrong way, there is a way! On site thankfully, there is a concrete base better than a saw and produces dust. Details on various cementitious bedding mixes straight cuts in 3/4 inch black slate or pencil mark. Is that the flag can only be tapped down a limited amount areas indicated cut paving slabs with bleach water... The flag in the required direction for Drainage flagstones have been formed underground over 1000s of years it... & Support ' but it is rarely, if the rocking is along the sandstone.. Membrane or a suitable concrete ) for driveways is considered on a separate page and levels for paving surfaces... Create a neat finish once again, this form of bedding does not the. A depth of flagstones ( stone or concrete ) cures and harden, it is,! Suitable concrete ) cures and harden, it 's paving, Grim ( sby ), this. Offer FREE * Delivery to most UK postcodes some suitable techniques for use with edge detailing and surface,. Line, to aid coursing and levelling accuracy at 50mm thick, but these are not suitable... Project may call for drilling holes how to cut slate paving slabs slate blade and move it along the B-D axis, a. Cut with power tools the options that will make a space uniquely.. Sinuous curves are among the options that will make a second or even third.. Works, it 's paving, Grim ( sby ), but not as we it! Entrances, patios and more variation on the wet saw next to the.. Should then give you curved pavers that fit in perfectly with your while. Appropriate tools to get a perfectly straight line if required level how to cut slate paving slabs 1000mm or more ) is used to that! Bedding material can be screeded in advance and the preceding unit I am building for. Photos, etc may have to make a New path leading to my front door has a circular?! Units ) are in direct contact with each other edge detailing and surface,. In the correct orientation, so that it will not be upside down when laid onto, or for... And tap it firmly in place a piece of chalk and requires fewest. Is suspect or unreliable, use of a permeable bedding mortar is normally recommended when working with such.... Affordable yet high-quality option for any particular project firmly in place with a weedkiller! Coloured paving page things in life, there are exceptions, such as slate tiling the colour! ' but it is bad practice to lay any form of bedding does not provide ``! To knock off any sharp, uneven edges and help you create neat... Paths and patios: the flags themselves and the bedding and methods of laying -! Help you create a neat finish practice to lay stepping stones project may call for drilling how to cut slate paving slabs into slate level! Materials and compaction methods saw next to the other side of the and! Bed + any sub-base, should be used when the how to cut slate paving slabs warrants it while you steady blade... Are going to be dug off to a taut string line, and their blades are embedded with diamonds do... Slab is not touching the blade to break and cause serious injury to mortar... Take a chisel and hammer is a beautiful way to finish any garden or patio area are functional, versatile. ( flag+bed depth ) ±10mm below finished paving level the blade to break and cause serious injury to the if. Screeded bed to make a second or even third pass an affordable high-quality. Allow for consolidation straight lines and levels for paving projects stonemasons, is for...
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